SPARC V8 Appendix N - IEEE 754 Implementation Recommendations
David G. Hough
dgh
Sat Jun 30 09:56:09 PDT 1990
If not interested in SPARC implementation details or no postscript printer
is available, delete now!
Version 8 of the SPARC manual is almost done. A late addition is an Appendix N
which contains a bunch of recommendations about how to close loopholes
where IEEE 754 allows multiple implementations; V8 only REQUIRES IEEE conformity.
These loopholes don't matter much to users but make life difficult for
systems and especially chip implementers who don't like ambiguities in
their test vectors. In SunOS at least the kernel patches up a lot of hardware
shortcomings to present a more definite interface to user mode; that's
no help to people testing chips on chip testers or on slow logic simulators.
These recommendations might become requirements in SPARC V9. There probably
aren't any existing implementations that completely conform to these recommendations;
they aren't expected to. The SunOS 4.1 kernel doesn't implement them
completely, but that should be fixed with Sun's SVR4.
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2271(qne)X
1 f
2420(are)X
2549(zero)X
1584 1444(Supervisor)N
1987(software)X
2311(is)X
2392(responsible)X
2815(for)X
2939(enforcing)X
3298(these)X
3501(requirements)X
3983(if)X
4059(the)X
1584 1548(hardware)N
1932(trap)X
2091(mechanism)X
2515(does)X
2698(not.)X
3 f
12 s
288 1764(N.3.)N
501(NaN)X
711(operand)X
1076(and)X
501 1868(result)N
760(de\256nitions)X
1 f
11 s
1584 1764(An)N
1713(untrapped)X
2087(\257oating-point)X
2590(result)X
2808(can)X
2952(result)X
3170(in)X
3261(a)X
3322(format)X
3579(which)X
3816(is)X
3897(either)X
4120(the)X
4250(same)X
1584 1868(as,)N
1701(or)X
1796(different)X
2121(from,)X
2336(the)X
2466(format)X
2723(of)X
2818(the)X
2948(source)X
3199(operands.)X
3582(These)X
3814(two)X
3968(cases)X
4175(are)X
1584 1972(described)N
1943(separately,)X
2344(below.)X
3 f
288 2188(Untrapped)N
720(\257oating-point)X
288 2292(result)N
525(in)X
621(different)X
970(format)X
1250(from)X
288 2396(operands)N
7 f
1584 2188(f)N
1 f
1637([)X
7 f
1666(sdq)X
1 f
1825(])X
7 f
1854(to)X
1 f
1960([)X
7 f
1989(sdq)X
1 f
2148(],)X
2221(with)X
2400(quiet)X
2599(NaN)X
2786(operand:)X
3116(no)X
3226(exception)X
3591(caused;)X
3877(result)X
4095(is)X
4176(the)X
1584 2292(quiet)N
1783(NaN.)X
2014(The)X
2173(operand)X
2478(is)X
2559(transformed)X
3006(as)X
3101(follows:)X
3 f
1744 2448(NaN)N
1 f
1936(transformation:)X
2502(The)X
2661(most)X
2855(signi\256cant)X
3245(bits)X
3395(of)X
3490(the)X
3620(operand)X
3925(fraction)X
4221(are)X
1744 2552(copied)N
2001(to)X
2092(the)X
2222(most)X
2416(signi\256cant)X
2806(bits)X
2956(of)X
3051(the)X
3181(result)X
3399(fraction.)X
3739(When)X
3971(converting)X
4370(to)X
1744 2656(a)N
1805(narrower)X
2143(format,)X
2422(excess)X
2673(lower)X
2895(order)X
3102(bits)X
3252(of)X
3347(the)X
3477(operand)X
3782(fraction)X
4078(are)X
4207(dis-)X
1744 2760(carded.)N
2044(When)X
2276(converting)X
2675(to)X
2766(a)X
2827(wider)X
3049(format,)X
3328(excess)X
3579(lower)X
3801(order)X
4008(bits)X
4158(of)X
4253(the)X
1744 2864(result)N
1962(fraction)X
2258(are)X
2387(set)X
2507(to)X
2598(0.)X
2708(The)X
2867(quiet)X
3066(bit)X
3182(\(most)X
3405(signi\256cant)X
3795(bit)X
3911(of)X
4006(the)X
4136(result)X
1744 2968(fraction\))N
2069(is)X
2150(always)X
2416(set)X
2536(to)X
2627(1.)X
7 f
1584 3124(f)N
1 f
1637([)X
7 f
1666(sdq)X
1 f
1825(])X
7 f
1854(to)X
1 f
1960([)X
7 f
1989(sdq)X
1 f
2148(],)X
2221(signaling)X
2567(NaN)X
2754(operand:)X
3084(invalid)X
3352(exception;)X
3742(result)X
3960(is)X
4041(the)X
4171(signal-)X
1584 3228(ing)N
1719(NaN)X
1906(operand)X
2211(processed)X
2579(by)X
2689(the)X
3 f
2819(NaN)X
1 f
3011(transformation)X
3552(above.)X
7 f
1584 3384(fcmpe)N
1 f
1849([)X
7 f
1878(sdq)X
1 f
2037(])X
2088(with)X
2267(any)X
2416(NaN)X
2603(operand:)X
2933(invalid)X
3201(exception;)X
3591(unordered)X
2 f
3969(fcc)X
1 f
4072(.)X
7 f
1584 3540(fcmp)N
1 f
1796([)X
7 f
1825(sdq)X
1 f
1984(])X
2035(with)X
2214(any)X
2363(signaling)X
2709(NaN)X
2896(operand:)X
3226(invalid)X
3494(exception;)X
3884(unordered)X
2 f
4262(fcc)X
1 f
4365(.)X
7 f
1584 3696(fcmp)N
1 f
1796([)X
7 f
1825(sdq)X
1 f
1984(])X
2035(with)X
2214(any)X
2363(quiet)X
2562(NaN)X
2749(operand)X
3054(but)X
3189(no)X
3299(signaling)X
3645(NaN)X
3832(operand:)X
4162(no)X
1584 3800(exception;)N
1974(unordered)X
2 f
2352(fcc)X
1 f
2455(.)X
3 f
288 4016(Untrapped)N
720(\257oating-point)X
288 4120(result)N
525(in)X
621(same)X
833(format)X
1113(as)X
288 4224(operands)N
1 f
1584 4016(No)N
1713(NaN)X
1900(operand:)X
2230(for)X
2354(an)X
2459(invalid)X
2727(exception)X
3092(such)X
3275(as)X
3370(sqrt\()X
9 f
3531(-)X
1 f
3579(1.0\))X
3762(or)X
3879(0.0)X
9 f
4003(\270)X
1 f
4065(0.0,)X
4219(the)X
1584 4120(result)N
1802(is)X
1883(the)X
2013(quiet)X
2212(NaN)X
2399(with)X
2578(sign)X
2747(=)X
2819(0,)X
2907(exponent)X
3252(=)X
3324(all)X
3435(1's,)X
3586(and)X
3735(fraction)X
4031(=)X
4103(all)X
4214(1's.)X
1584 4224(The)N
1743(sign)X
1912(is)X
1993(0)X
2059(to)X
2150(distinguish)X
2560(such)X
2743(results)X
2995(from)X
3188(storage)X
3464 0.3187(initialized)AX
3841(to)X
3932(1-bits.)X
1584 4380(One)N
1752(operand,)X
2079(quiet)X
2278(NaN:)X
2490(no)X
2600(exception,)X
2987(result)X
3205(is)X
3286(the)X
3416(quiet)X
3615(NaN)X
3802(operand.)X
1584 4536(One)N
1752(operand,)X
2079(signaling)X
2425(NaN:)X
2637(invalid)X
2905(exception,)X
3292(result)X
3510(is)X
3591(that)X
3746(signaling)X
4092(NaN)X
4279(with)X
1584 4640(the)N
1714(quiet)X
1913(bit)X
2029(\(most)X
2252(signi\256cant)X
2642(bit)X
2758(of)X
2853(fraction)X
3149(\256eld\))X
3357(set)X
3477(to)X
3568(1.)X
1584 4796(Two)N
1767(operands,)X
2128(both)X
2307(quiet:)X
2531(no)X
2641(exception,)X
3028(result)X
3246(is)X
3327(the)X
3457(rs1)X
3586(\(\256rst)X
3774(source\))X
4054(operand.)X
1584 4952(Two)N
1767(operands,)X
2128(both)X
2307(signaling:)X
2678(invalid)X
2946(exception,)X
3333(result)X
3551(is)X
3632(the)X
3762(rs1)X
3891(operand)X
4196(with)X
1584 5056(the)N
1714(quiet)X
1913(bit)X
2029(set)X
2149(to)X
2240(1.)X
1584 5212(Two)N
1767(operands,)X
2128(just)X
2278(one)X
2427(signaling)X
2773(NaN:)X
2985(invalid)X
3253(exception,)X
3640(result)X
3858(is)X
3939(the)X
4069(signaling)X
1584 5316(NaN)N
1771(operand)X
2076(with)X
2255(the)X
2385(quiet)X
2584(bit)X
2700(set)X
2820(to)X
2911(1.)X
1584 5472(Two)N
1767(operands,)X
2128(neither)X
2395(signaling)X
2741(NaN,)X
2950(just)X
3100(one)X
3249(quiet)X
3448(NaN:)X
3660(no)X
3770(exception,)X
4157(result)X
4375(is)X
1584 5576(the)N
1714(quiet)X
1913(NaN)X
2100(operand.)X
22 s
10 f
1382 6080(\212)N
3 f
1584(s)X
1667(u)X
1779(n)X
5 f
6 s
1584 6130(microsystems)N
5 p
%%Page: 5 4
6 s 0 xH 0 xS 5 f
11 s
1 f
9 s
2402 464(Appendix)N
2704(N)X
2774(\320)X
2864(SPARC)X
3110(IEEE)X
3284(754)X
3410(Implementation)X
3884(Recommendations)X
11 s
4564(5)X
6 s
432 500 MXY
4176 0 Dl
3 f
12 s
432 820(N.4.)N
645(Trapped)X
1026(Under\257ow)X
645 924(de\256nition)N
1058(\(UFM=1\))X
1 f
11 s
1728 820(Under\257ow)N
2125(occurs)X
2376(if)X
2452(the)X
2582(correct)X
2848(unrounded)X
3246(result)X
3464(has)X
3603(magnitude)X
3998(between)X
4313(zero)X
1728 924(and)N
1877(the)X
2007(smallest)X
2319(normalized)X
2738(number)X
3029(in)X
3120(the)X
3250(destination)X
3660(format.)X
3961(In)X
4056(terms)X
4274(of)X
4369(IEEE)X
1728 1028(754,)N
1904(this)X
2054(means)X
2301(\252tininess)X
2632(detected)X
2948(before)X
3194(rounding\272.)X
1728 1184(Note)N
1921(that)X
2076(the)X
2206(wrapped)X
2530(exponent)X
2875(results)X
3127(intended)X
3453(to)X
3544(be)X
3649(delivered)X
3999(on)X
4109(trapped)X
1728 1288(under\257ows)N
2140(and)X
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2657(in)X
2748(IEEE)X
2961(754)X
3115(aren't)X
3342(relevant)X
3648(to)X
3739(SPARC)X
4040(at)X
4126(the)X
1728 1392(hardware/supervisor)N
2467(levels;)X
2720(if)X
2796(they)X
2970(are)X
3099(created)X
3375(at)X
3461(all)X
3572(then)X
3746(it)X
3818(would)X
4060(be)X
4165(by)X
4275(a)X
4336(user)X
1728 1496(code)N
1916(in)X
2007(a)X
2068(user-mode)X
2461(trap)X
2620(handler.)X
3 f
12 s
432 1712(N.5.)N
645(Untrapped)X
1116(under\257ow)X
645 1816(de\256nition)N
1058(\(UFM=0\))X
1 f
11 s
1728 1712(Under\257ow)N
2125(occurs)X
2376(if)X
2452(the)X
2582(correct)X
2848(unrounded)X
3246(result)X
3464(has)X
3603(magnitude)X
3998(between)X
4313(zero)X
1728 1816(and)N
1877(the)X
2007(smallest)X
2319(normalized)X
2738(number)X
3029(in)X
3120(the)X
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3660(format,)X
3 f
3939(and)X
1 f
4103(the)X
4233(correctly)X
1728 1920(rounded)N
2038(result)X
2256(in)X
2347(the)X
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2887(format)X
3144(is)X
3225(inexact;)X
3527(that)X
3682(result)X
3900(may)X
4074(be)X
4179(zero,)X
4374(sub-)X
1728 2024(normal,)N
2022(or)X
2117(the)X
2247(smallest)X
2559(normalized)X
2978(number.)X
3313(In)X
3408(terms)X
3626(of)X
3721(IEEE)X
3934(754,)X
4110(this)X
4260(means)X
1728 2128(\252tininess)N
2059(detected)X
2375(before)X
2621(rounding\272)X
3000(and)X
3149(\252loss)X
3347(of)X
3442(accuracy)X
3776(detected)X
4092(as)X
4187(inexact\272.)X
1728 2232(An)N
1857(IEEE)X
2070(trap)X
2229(may)X
2403(still)X
2559(occur)X
2776(if)X
2852(NXM=1.)X
1728 2388(Note)N
1921(that)X
2076(\257oating-point)X
2579(over\257ow)X
2913(is)X
2994(de\256ned)X
3275(to)X
3366(be)X
3471(detected)X
3 f
3787(after)X
1 f
3989(rounding;)X
4354(the)X
1728 2492(foregoing)N
2092(under\257ow)X
2470(de\256nition)X
2831(simpli\256es)X
3197(hardware)X
3545 0.2885(implementation)AX
4123(and)X
4272(test.)X
3 f
12 s
432 2708(N.6.)N
645(Integer)X
968(over\257ow)X
645 2812(de\256nition)N
7 f
11 s
1728 2708(f)N
1 f
1781([)X
7 f
1810(sdq)X
1 f
1969(])X
7 f
1998(toi)X
1 f
2157(:)X
2204(when)X
2416(a)X
2477(NaN,)X
2686(in\256nity,)X
2986(large)X
3184(positive)X
3486(argument)X
9 f
3841(\263)X
1 f
3911(2147483648.0,)X
4461(or)X
1728 2812(large)N
1926(negative)X
2247(argument)X
9 f
2602(\243)X
1 f
2672(-2147483649.0)X
3229(is)X
3310(converted)X
3679(to)X
3770(integer,)X
4059(the)X
4189(exception)X
1728 2916(is)N
1809(invalid.)X
2121(If)X
2201(no)X
2311(trap)X
2470(occurs)X
2721(and)X
2870(the)X
3000(sign)X
3169(bit)X
3285(of)X
3380(the)X
3510(operand)X
3815(is)X
3896(positive)X
4198(\(is)X
4308(0\),)X
4425(the)X
1728 3020(numerical)N
2103(result)X
2321(is)X
2402(2147483647.)X
2908(If)X
2988(no)X
3098(trap)X
3257(occurs)X
3508(and)X
3657(the)X
3787(sign)X
3956(bit)X
4072(of)X
4167(the)X
4297(operand)X
1728 3124(is)N
1809(negative)X
2130(\(is)X
2240(1\),)X
2357(the)X
2487(numerical)X
2862(result)X
3080(is)X
3161(-2147483648.)X
22 s
10 f
1526 6080(\212)N
3 f
1728(s)X
1811(u)X
1923(n)X
5 f
6 s
1728 6130(microsystems)N
4 p
%%Trailer
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