[Granville-Hough] 23 Jul 2009 - History Mystery, Sullivans, Richmond Hough

[Trustees for Granville W. Hough]

My father wrote a lot for this day:

===
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2009 07:05:22 -0700
From: Granville W Hough <gwhough at oakapple.net>
Reply-To: gwhough at oakapple.net
Subject: History Mystery - 23 Jul 2009

It's like asking the question: How many people on earth have the same
birthday I do?  Logically, it would be several million, 1/365th of the
world's population.  But it does not quite come out that way.  Some
periods of the year are more favored than others.   Consider diet,
availability of food, and customs, we could suggest that when women are
more healthy and feeling well, they tend to get pregnant more readily.
But it probably goes back to a time when the mother wanted the child to
be born when there was plenty of high protein food  The Eskimos at Thule
had a sex free-for-all for two weeks in August.  Any children born would
come in the next April or May when the seals were plentiful and the
mother would be able to breast-feed the child.  The only baby food being
what the mother
chewed up and put in the baby's mouth, they breast fed their
children to ages three or four.  They only got pregnant about once
every
four years during periods of non-lactation.

P. S.  I remember the case of a tenant farmer's wife who did not want a
second child.  She suckled her son until he was seven years old, and he
was old enough to be embarassed by the activity and talked openly about
it to his schoolmates.  It became a subject of community chatter and
cluck clucking.  The boy finally refused to suckle any more.  I cannot
say his mother got pregnant again.  This all happened when older brother
Dueward was classmate to the boy involved.  I got the story second-hand
from him, with confirmation from my mother.  Only when I learned about
the Eskimo activities did I understand about natural birth control.

===
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2009 16:32:59 -0700
From: Granville W Hough <gwhough at oakapple.net>
Subject: Re: Sullivans of Sullivan's Hollow: cousins, friends, and neighbors

Deborah Porter wrote:
>
> Hello Granville,
> I have a copy of the above book. I started to read it yesterday and 
> found out that in part 1, pages 3/4 is missing. Is there a way I can 
> get those pages? I would love to know what is on them.
> You can email me at this email address....d5porte at att.net 
> <mailto:address....d5porte at att.net> or d5porte at hotmail.com 
> <mailto:d5porte at hotmail.com>
> Looking to hear from you soon.
> Deborah S. Porter
>
> My part 1 does not have 314 pages, so I cannot help you. I have had no 
> part in the combining and republishing. I transferred all copyright to 
> my co-author Maxine (Richardson) Watts.
>
There is a way I could help you? If you want page 314 of some volume, 
then you must know what is on pages 313 and 315. If you give me that 
information, I can find them and then identify what is on page 314. With 
my regards, Granville W. Hough.
P. S. In re-reading you message, I see that you wrote pages 3/4. I can 
indeed give you those pages.. The whole article is as follows:

SULLIVANÆS HOLLOW û THE LAND AND THE WAY OF LIFE

Many people who have heard of SullivanÆs Hollow ask where it is. Is it 
all of Smith County? Is it partly in Covington County? Is it 
Southwestern Smith County?
Is it all on Ocohay Creek or its tributaries? Geographically, it is not 
a large area, just the headwaters drainage area for a small stream which 
flows into Ocohay Creek. This stream is now called SullivanÆs Hollow 
Creek. It is most of Section 24, Township 10, Range 16 West, Smith 
County and part of adjacent Section 19, Township 10, Range 15 West. All 
the land of which Thomas Sullivan, Sr, was seized and possessed in 1855 
when he died lay in those two blocks of one square mile each. What other 
land he had in the area had already been passed to adult sons by that 
time, or is accounted for in other records. It is said he had 480 acres 
in the two sections at the time of his death. (GWH: I was born 18 Dec 
1922 in section 5, Range 16 West, about six miles diagonally northwest 
of the Sullivan home; however, it was on land which had been owned by a 
Sullivan grandchild, Louisa (Sullivan) Ware and her husband, Newton 
Jasper Ware.) While SullivanÆs Hollow is really just a small place you 
could fully explore on foot in a few hours, imaginary SullivanÆs Hollow 
has grown and grown until it surely covers Beat 3, all of Smith County, 
or most of Smith, Simpson, and Covington Counties, or even beyond, 
wherever 10,000 Sullivan descendants have settled.

The Land. Before Smith County became open for white settlement after 
1833, the Choctaws had villages on the most fertile creeks and rivers 
and knew the area well. They had trails on the creeks, and they had 
short cuts on the ridge land between river basins. Though they had no 
maps nor written language, every creek and prominent spring or landmark 
had a name, which was passed on orally, generation to generation. When 
they made land cessions, they knew where the boundaries were, much more 
clearly than the white people with whom they negotiated. One such 
boundary was that of the north/south Simpson-Smith County line, which 
followed the ridge dividing the Okahay and Okatoma Creek basins. You can 
still follow an old Indian trail on this ridge for miles without 
crossing a stream. Water to the west flows into Simpson County and 
Okatoma Creek. Water to the east flows into Okahay/Cohay Creek in Smith 
County. Beat 3 of Smith County starts at the ridgeline (Simpson County) 
and includes all the land to Cohay Creek and a few miles beyond. After 
surveying from the Choctaw Base Line (roughly along Highway 20), this 
Beat was within T10N and and included R16W and R15 W. This 128 square 
miles is the area mostly known as SullivanÆs Hollow, as it is where most 
Sullivan descendants lived. The remainder of Beat 3 is north of the Base 
Line, but it has fewer Sullivans.

People who came soon after 1833 were mostly frontier white people 
looking for enough fertile land on some creek to grow food and make a 
living. They built log cabins from the wood at hand and learned to 
follow Indian customs in hunting and fishing. Smith County was along the 
edge of the longleaf pine belt stretching from South Carolina into East 
Texas. As one moved north into Scott County, the soil changed and 
different trees grew; however, Beat 3 was a land of longleaf pine on the 
sandy hills with a little bottom land along the streams. There were two 
major streams rising in Smith County, those of Leaf River in the east, 
which flows south into the Pascagoula River, and Strong River in the 
northwest which flows west into Pearl River. All Beat 3 land drains 
through Okahay/Cohay Creek into Leaf River except for a few hollows on 
the Simpson County line which drain into Okatoma Creek, then on to Leaf 
River. Beyond the Okatoma basin to the west is the Bowie Creek basin, 
which also drains southeast into Leaf River.

All the state of Mississippi was obtained by the U. S. government by 
cessions from Indian tribes except the part originally in West Florida. 
This part, south of the 31st parallel, is now the six counties of Pearl 
River, Stone, George, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, and part of Forest and 
Perry. The part of Louisiana which was also part of West Florida, 
between the Mississippi River and Pearl River, is still called the West 
Florida parishes. This land was obtained by the French or Spanish from 
the Choctaws before 1765, and it passed to the English after the Seven 
YearÆs War. (The English had captured Manila and Havana, which they gave 
up in exchange for West and East Florida.) The Choctaws did not claim 
this territory after 1765, though there were a few Indian villages along 
the coast. After the Revolutionary War, it was Spanish territory, part 
of West Florida.

The British made two treaties with the Choctaw tribe which affected the 
Natchez and Mobile districts. On 26 Mar 1765, they defined the Natchez 
District as it was a river outpost north of the 31st parallel, and on 28 
Mar 1765, they defined the Mobile District. These treaties were 
clarified and renewed with the U. S. Government in 1801-02. The 
Mississippi Territory was formed in 1798, and it included all the 
territory now in MS and AL except that of West Florida. The first 
capital was at Washington, MS. There were white people in Natchez 
District, in Mobile District, and in Northern AL at Huntsville and in 
what is now Jackson County. The Natchez District was organized into 
counties, Adams and Jefferson in 1799, Claiborn and Wilkinson (from part 
of Adams) in 1802, Amite (from part of Wilkinson), Warren, and Franklin 
(from part of Adams) in 1809.

On 17 Dec 1801, the Choctaws agreed to two things: the size of the 
Natchez District and the right of the U. S. to build a road from Natchez 
to the Mero District (Nashville) in TN. The Chickasaws also agreed in a 
separate treaty to the Natchez Trace. The road opened the way for the 
people who established the counties listed above. Settlement of 
Southwest MS proceeded from the Mississippi River eastward.

On 17 Oct 1802, the Choctaws relinquished their claims to any land 
between the Tombigbee-Mobile Rivers and the Chickasawhay Rivers from the 
31st parallel to Buckatuna Creek on the north. This opened the way for 
settlement of the Washington District, Mississippi Terr., and people 
moved in from the GA frontier and from the Fort St StephenÆs area north 
of Mobile. This land is now mostly in AL, but it was once home to 
Walkers, Houghs, Bilbos, Boykins, Sullivans, Hartleys, Tews, Watts, and 
others whose descendants are all across southern MS.

After Mississippi Territory was established in 1798, there was an effort 
to establish overland connections with the Washington District and 
Mobile. McClaryÆs Path was an Indian trail from Mobile northward to the 
Hewanee towns of the Choctaws, then westward to the Natchez District. It 
is not clear how the path went, but it probably passed by the Choctaw 
villages on Leaf River then to the settlements in Simpson County, then 
on to Natchez. It was well known to both whites and Choctaws. It was 
this line which was to become the boundary on 16 Nov 1805, when the 
Choctaws ceded their lands south of the line which now runs as the 
southern border of Clarke, Jasper, Smith, and Simpson counties. This was 
the Piney Woods country, originally called the Pine Barrens. It had been 
cultivated, in a sense, by the Choctaws. They burned it every winter, in 
order to get new browsing growth for deer. The longleaf pine, being 
resistant to fire, became the dominant tree. But the river and stream 
bottom lands were fertile enough to grow crops, and slavery was soon 
established by the new settlers along the rivers. Counties were soon 
established in this piney woods country, with Wayne in 1809, Green in 
1811, Marion in 1811, Lawrence in 1814, Pike in 1815, and Covington in 
1819. These were large counties, but with few white people. They were 
later divided into new counties when more white people came. The West 
Florida area south of the 31st parallel was not part of Miss. Territory 
and could not be used for east-west travel without Spanish permission. 
Restless entrepreneurs wanted the land and, sensing a weakness in 
Spanish rule, moved in and declared it independent as the West Florida 
Republic in 1810. Rather than get into a faraway war over land of little 
value, Spain turned the area over to the U. S. and Mississippi took 
control. The Spanish kept Mobile.

The white groups, moving through the Creek nation from east to west, 
were cause for Creek concern. They rose up in 1812, under British 
instigation, and exterminated about one-third of the people living in 
Washington District at the Fort Mims Massacre and in other raids. 
General Andrew Jackson turned the tide at Horseshoe Bend, and the Creeks 
were forced to make concessions which opened the way for settlers along 
their Southern border. This became the Three Chop Way and the trickle of 
immigrants became a steady stream. At first the Three Chop Way went to 
the Tombigbee area, but it shifted northward at different times until it 
was almost east to west from SC.

All the Indian tribes were coming under pressure to cede their lands and 
move west to the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). On 20 Sep 1816, the 
Chickasaws ceded part of their Alabama lands. On 24 Oct 1816, the 
Choctaws ceded all their lands east of the Tombigbee River. By this move 
the Huntsville settlements (formerly isolated in the north) could travel 
to the Tombigbee settlements. In 1817, Mississippi became a state, 
dividing along a North-South line from near Fort St Stephens. This left 
the eastern half of its land as Alabama Territory for two more years, 
when it too, became a state in 1819.

The new state of Mississippi worked with the U. S. government to get 
another Choctaw session at DoakÆs Stand on the Natchez Trace on 18 Oct 
1820. This cession gave up what was some of the tribeÆs best hunting 
lands. Of particular interest to us is Simpson County, which was formed 
in 1824, after being part of Copiah in 1823, and Hinds in 1821. Rankin 
was formed in 1828. Records of people in early Simpson County might well 
be found in Copiah or in Hinds counties before they were recorded in 
Simpson. Many of the early settlers in Simpson county moved north from 
Lawrence County, while others came from Wayne county or from AL. Jackson 
was developed in Hinds County as the new state Capitol.

The Choctaws made their final cession at Dancing Rabbit Creek on 27 and 
28 Sep 1830, turning over all their lands east of the Mississippi River. 
The Choctaws then left the land of their birth and trekked to a 
Mississippi River crossing south of Memphis, then on to an unknown area 
to the west called the Indian Territory. This opened the land of Smith 
County, which was formed in 1833. Its Beat 3 was the final Southwest 
corner of the Choctaw Nation of Mississippi. The County has 642 square 
miles, and it was settled from Simpson and Rankin Counties on its west, 
Covington County on its South, and from all the other southern counties 
in MS and some in AL. The people had to build homes and clear land, so 
there was not a church or school in the county in 1837. There were 
enough people who could read and write to establish a county government, 
and court was held in 1837 on 5 May and 1 Dec. The first post office was 
at Raleigh, which had 37 people in 1837. The second post office was at 
Leaf River, exact location not now known. John Thornton was the first 
representative in the state legislature. Thornton is a name well known 
in Beat 3, and he could have been the most educated man there.

The Way of Life. Nearly all the people who moved into Beat 3 of Smith 
County were experienced in living in the United States in longleaf pine 
areas. The 1850 census shows very few people of foreign birth. All spoke 
English, though you had to listen carefully to Scotch Presbyterians. 
Their twangs must have taken five generations to die. The early settlers 
of Beat 3 moved from Simpson County, as did the Sullivans, or from Pike 
County, as did the Carters, Millers, Coles and Walkers, or from Marion 
County, as did those from SC, or from Wayne County, as did Houghs and 
other families. Typical states of birth were MS, AL, GA, and SC. Those 
born in what is now AL might give either AL or MS as birth state, as MS 
and AL were not divided until 1817. They sought the same kind of land 
they had learned to handle, with mixed farming and stock raising. Their 
earlier history is of some interest to genealogists, but you can hardly 
mention this history without discussing their religion.

The first churches were established a few years after the county was 
formed and were Baptist, Presbyterian, or Methodist. Later, there were 
congregations of evangelical Protestants. This author never knew either 
a Catholic or a Jew in Smith County. There was a very clear knowledge 
about Catholics because of the history of early Natchez, which had been 
under Catholic Spain from the end of the Revolutionary War until 1797. 
Baptists in Beat 3 remembered that Spanish officials who found you 
worshiping as a Baptist would send you to work in the silver mines of 
Northern Mexico, and no one ever returned. Grandparents of Coles, 
Carters, and others who settled in Beat 3, had been the earliest 
settlers on ColeÆs Creek, Northeast of Natchez, named Barrio Gayoso by 
the Spanish, and they had their Baptist church there which met in 
various homes. It later had a meeting house, indeed it was the first 
Protestant church in Mississippi. After the Spanish left in 1798, these 
ColeÆs Creek Baptists had children move to Amite County where they 
established Baptist churches, then on to Pike County, where they 
established Baptist churches, then to Beat 3 in Smith County, where they 
established Zion Hill Baptist Church. They took their history of 
persecution by the Spanish Catholics with them. Later, they established 
Oak Grove Baptist Church, then New Sardis Baptist Church, then Shady 
Grove Baptist Church. Their cousins across the county line in Covington 
County established Shiloh Baptist Church. The Methodists were in Mize 
and to the North of Mize. The Presbyterians with their Scotch names and 
twangs worshiped at Calvary in Beat 3, or over the county line at Sharon 
Presbyterian Church in Simpson County. Concord Baptist Church was a 
county line church established by Ware families directly from GA. Its 
community was between the Presbyterians of Calvary in Smith County and 
Sharon in Simpson County. By 1900, anyone living in Beat 3 was within 
walking distance of a Protestant church.

One of the characteristics of the early Baptist Churches, and perhaps of 
the other denominations as well, was the settlement of disputes among 
families within the church rather than going to Raleigh to court. 
Literally, hundreds of cases were probably settled in the churches 
through the years. However, this only worked for people who truly 
believed and were willing to accept the discipline of the church or of 
the collective community. If you disdained the church and flouted its 
teachings, it was a long way to Raleigh to the County Court House. There 
were Justices of the Peace, but their most frequent duty was marrying 
people, not adjuticating disputes. Some did their best, and established 
lasting reputations, as did William Howell in SullivanÆs Hollow, Sid 
Richardson in Covington County, and others.

Not having large tracts of fertile farm land, Smith County did not 
attract the most educated class of settlers. In fact, the author of this 
discussion never met anyone in Smith County he would have called a 
Southern Aristocrat, or even a descendant of one. They were all common 
folks, mostly white with some black, about half proud to say they owned 
the farms they worked, with the less fortunate cousins renting or 
share-cropping the land they worked. About a third of the adults who 
registered for the WW I draft could not sign their names. Some Sullivan 
descendants as late as WW II wound up in the ArmyÆs basic training 
illiteracy schools where they learned to read and write. They could 
already shoot well enough.

For the land-holding stable families, self-sufficiency was the order of 
the day. You grew what you needed, and at least half your land would be 
in support crops for your work animals, hogs, and cattle. The cash crop 
which was devastating to the soil was cotton, which was in its final 
throes by the 1930 decade. The county lost half its population and 
abandoned at least half its land (for row-cropping) in the 1940 decade 
during and just after WW II. Much of the county became part of the 
Bienville National Forest. To regain the topsoil and fertility the 
county had in 1833, when the Choctaws began to depart, it will take at 
least a thousand years.

The wild hogs of the Piney Woods were said to be compelled to find food 
by rooting up the land for whatever they could find, an existence 
described as ôRoot, Hog, or Dieö. A share-cropper named Jim Parker who 
married a Sullivan descendant of the Bowen family was proud to say that 
he was born ôwhite and free, and when he became 21, he was turned loose 
in Smith County and told to Root, Hog, or Die.ö

===
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2009 16:39:23 -0700
From: Granville W Hough <gwhough at oakapple.net>
Subject: Re: Richmond Hough

Al Spinks wrote:
> July 20, 2009
>  
> Dr. Hough;
>  
> Today I ran across your name and e-mail address while doing an 
> internet search for Richmond N. Hough of Jasper Co., MS (and farther 
> west).   It is my understanding that Richmond H. moved to Louisiana 
> around 1866, stayed there a year or two, and then moved on to 
> California, passing away before the census of 1870.  In Louisiana, his 
> wife, Caroline Matilda, passed away. 
>  
> ***
> Do you know which parish in LA, Richmond Hough and his family lived 
> that year or two??  To understand why I am interested, look at my website:
>  
>     www.alandmary.org
>  
> Near the top of the page, click on the question about Richmond Hough.
>  
> In short--I am suspicious that one of my gr-gr-grandmothers passed 
> away while visiting her sister Matilda in LA.  I want to look for her 
> gravesite and it would really help if I knew in which parish Richmond 
> and Matilda lived.
>  
> Pease let me hear from you.
>  
> Al Spinks
> aspinks3 at triad.rr.com
>  
I eventually found the record which might help you.  What you need to
look up in LA is the Perry LeBlanc family.
RICHMOND N. AND CAROLINE M. T. (EVERITT) HOUGH OF MS, AL, LA, AND CA

    Richmond Nollis HOUGH (1812 MS - 8 Sep San Joaquin Co, CA) was a
public figure of Jasper and Clarke counties who should be easy to trace;
however, he was financially destroyed by the Civil War, and he had to
seek a new start elsewhere.  He moved first to Louisiana, where his wife
and perhaps some of his children died, then he moved on to CA, where he
died not long afterwards.

    R. N. HOUGH was one of the original settlers in Clarke Co, MS, and
lived there through 1838.  On 4 Oct 1837 in Washington Co, AL, he md
Caroline Matilda Thazer EVERITT (28 Jan 1824 AL - 5 June 1867 LA), dau
of Enoch and Margaret (BYRD) EVERITT.  The marriage was performed by her
uncle, the Hon. John Fegan EVERITT.  Caroline was mentioned in Enoch
EVERITT's will of 28 May 1836 in Washington Co, AL.  One Enoch EVERITT
was on Clarke Co, MS, tax lists from 1835 through 1855, along with Jehu
EVERETT.  He owned land in Clarke Co, but he may have lived in
Washington Co, AL.

    Richmond N. and Caroline settled by 1839 in the newly opened Choctaw
Indian lands of Jasper Co, MS, where they prospered.  Richmond operated
a plantation with several slave families, ran the local post office,
called "Hough," and was the State Senator for Jasper-Clarke district for
1852-54, 1856-57, and 1858.  He was a prominent Baptist layman from
Fellowship Baptist Church to the Liberty Baptist Association.  He was a
Masonic member of the Quitman Lodge until 1846, when he moved his
membership to Enterprise.  His brother, Alson HOUGH, was also a member
of these Masonic Lodges.

    Soon after the Civil War was over, and possibly before, Richmond
HOUGH moved to LA, prob to Abbeville, Vermillion Parish.  His family did
not do well there, and Caroline and possibly some of the children died.
After this family tragedy, Richmond moved to CA, probably via the Panama
Isthmus, and he and his son-in-law Perry LEBLANC settled in Twp 4 of San
Joaquin Co, CA.  On 4 May 1868, he and Perry LEBLANC borrowed $3000 from
the Stockton Savings Bank and had given a mortgage on the land holdings
of 686 acres.  Then, on 7 Sep 1868, Richmond HOUGH made his will in
which he named son-in-law Perry LEBLANC and dau Martha HOUGH as joint
executors.  He gave his dau Math (short for Martha) HOUGH one gray mare
and his poultry.  He gave his son George a bay mare.  His MS and LA
properties were to be sold or divided into seven equal parts.  He died
the next day, leaving six minor children.  The children under 21 at the
time were Martha A.; George A.; Charles Galen; Richmond Nollis, Jr;
Della; and John.  The seventh part in the will was probably for the wife
of Perry LEBLANC, Sarah Jane.  In 1870, in Liberty twp of San Joaquin
Co, five HOUGH ch were with P. and Sarah LEBLANC; namely, George,
Charles, Nollis, Della, and John.  About seven months after Richmond
died, Martha md John B. SUTHERLAND and after 1870 took two of the
children to live with her.  Three stayed with Perry and Sarah Jane
LEBLANC.  In Aug 1871, the oldest boy, probably George, left the LEBLANC
household.  The other two ch were still with the LEBLANC hh in 1874.

    The seven children in CA do not seem to be the complete family when
compared to census records of 1840, 1850, and 1860.  There were either
older ch who did not go to CA, but may have lived and died in MS and
LA.  Alternatively, some of these older children may have been nieces or
nephews who lived with the Richmond N. HOUGH family for the educational
opportunities.  The list of those on census and will records follows:

1. Lethy (1838 MS -       ) listed out of order in 1850, suggesting she
may have been a relative, not a dau.  What happened to her is not
known.  (There is a record for one Letha E. HUFF (24 July 1836 -       )
who md Wiley Preston GUINN (28 Dec 1832 Choctaw Co, AL -      ) and
their ch were Joanne F. (30 Dec 1834) (md Van PARR); Mary J. (11 Apr
1857) (??? DE MOSS); Alfred Henry (6 May 1858 Choctaw Co, AL) (on 4 Dec
1883 in Collins Co, TX, md Mattie Bell FARLEY); and Wiley Franklin Baker
(30 Jan 1862 Choctaw Co, AL) (on 11 Aug 1891 in TX md Laura Bell
MARTIN).  This family moved to TX after 1862).  (Records of Mrs. E. R.
JONES, 1408 Herbst St, Borger, TX 79007).

2. Josephine (1839 MS -       ) listed out of order in 1850, suggesting
she may have been a relative, not a dau.  What happened to her is not known.

3. Francis E. (1840 MS - alive 1866 Clarke Co, MS) had an outstanding
record as a Sgt, Lt, and Captain in Comp G, 8th Miss Inf.  At the end of
the war, he was Captain, Adjutant for the 8th Miss Inf.  He signed his
parole at Meridian, MS, when the war ended and apparently returned to
his home.  He was listed as F. E. HOUGH, with a child under 10, on the
1866 census for Clarke Co, MS.  His name may have been Francis Everitt
HOUGH, as there were some land transactions in 1860/61 by one Everett
HOUGH.  (There was also a cousin Thomas E. S. HOUGH, who could have been
this person.)

4. Sarah Jane (1842 Jasper Co, MS - 21 Dec 1924 San Francisco, CA) md
(1) John FITZGERALD, a native of Chicago, who died in MS or LA.  There
were apparently no ch.  She md (2) in 1866 in LA Perry LEBLANC (8 Aug
1838 Abbeville, Vermillion Par, LA - 3 June 1904 Fresno, CA) son of
Pierre Dupre LEBLANC of France and LA and Louisa BROUSSARD, prob. of
LA.  Perry LEBLANC had previously md on 1 Nov 1858 at Abbeville,
Vermillion Par, LA, Elomie DILLION, who died before 1866.  They had two
ch: Mary Eliza and Helen (or Elena C. or Lena).  The obituary for Perry
LEBLANC stated he brought his family to CA via the Panama Isthmus.
Sarah Jane and Perry had four sons: Robert of Santa Ana, CA; Joseph R.
of Fresno, CA; Albert of Fresno, CA; and Thomas of San Francisco.  Elena
C. LEBLANC on 30 Mar 1879 md Harrison FRANKLIN in San Joaquin Co, CA.
(San Joaquin Marriage Bk 4:48).  She seemed to be alone in 1880.  Then
on 6 Sep 1882 in San Joaquin Co, CA, Lena LEBLANC md Knox GUM (Bk
4:376).  On 20 Sep 1874 in San Joaquin Co, CA, Mary Eliza LEBLANC md
Samuel Harris CHILDS (Bk 3:382).  Robert LEBLANC by 1900 md Mrs.
Elizabeth WHITE.  In 1904, Perry LEBLANC had one surviving dau, a Mrs.
DUNN of Lodi, CA.  The LEBLANC family became fairly prosperous, and by
1881 moved to Fresno.  When the Americah Legion of Honor was formed at
Masonic Hall, Perry LEBLANC was a trustee.  (History of Fresno County).
He was also prominent in the Knights of Pythias.

5. Thomas (L. or S.) 1844 MS -         ) probably served in the Civil
War, as there were several Thomas HOUGH records.  The only one which can
be specifically identified to this Thomas was an enlistment in Comp B,
13th Miss Inf, in 1861.  As he was only 17, he was discharged in Sep
1861.  He was listed as a student.  What happened to him later is not
yet determined.

6. Samuel H. (1846 MS -       ) enlisted in Comp G, 8th Miss Inf, which
Francis E. HOUGH was in.  As Samuel H. was only 15 years old, he was
discharged in Dec 1861.  No further record has been found for him.

    Of the above six persons, only Sarah Jane seemed to be remembered in
Richmond N. HOUGH's will.  It must be noted that the will was made the
day before Richmond died, and his primary concern were his minor ch.
The others may have already died, or they may have received distribution
previously, or they may not have been direct heirs.

7. Martha A. (1848 Jasper Co, MS - 6 June 1900 Porterville, CA) was
perhaps too young to be listed as executor of her father's will, but he
probably did not intend to die the next day.  On 10 Feb 1869 in San
Joaquin Co, CA, she md John Bert SUTHERLAND (1835 - 1 Mar 1895
Porterville, CA), son of John SUTHERLAND (Book 2:699).  John SUTHERLAND,
Sr, was an English coal miner from Sunderland, Durham, England, who made
a fortune placer mining for gold.  His son, John B., was a cattle
rancher working for his father on a ranch in the Kings River in Fresno
(later Kings) Co.  In 1877, the young SUTHERLANDS moved to Fountain
Springs, the later to Porterville.  The SUTHERLAND ch were Oscar Adair
(29 Feb 1872 Laton, CA); Bert John (22 Jan 1873 Laton, CA); Annie Della
(16 Sep 1875 Fresno, CA); Alice Ella (16 Sep 1875 Fresno); Caroline
Matilda (4 Feb 1877 Fresno); and Oliver Bliss (4 Mar 1891 Kingsbury,
CA).  As noted above, some of Martha's younger brothers or sisters lived
in her home.

8. dau E. C. (1851 MS - prob. d. young).  Listed on 1860 census but not
on the R. N. HOUGH will.

9. George A. (1853/56 Jasper Co, MS -       ) listed on the 1860 census,
on the R. N. HOUGH will, and on the 1870 census.  He may have left the
LEBLANC household in 1871.  He has not been identified later.

10. Charles Galen (6 Feb 1856 Enterprise, MS - 15 Jan 1931 Fresno, CA,
bur Visalia Cem, Visalia, CA) apparently grew up in the LEBLANC hh.
Later he lived in Tulare and Fresno counties.  In 1900, he lived at
Visalia in Tulare Co at 301 Goshen Ave, one block from his brother, R.
N. HOUGH.  He is recalled as being a railroad waymaster.  He md Cathrine
ALLIS (1873 Alberta Province, Canada - 4 Apr 1973, San Joaquin Co, CA,
bur Visalia Cem, Visalia, CA, death certificate state file #56428).  She
is recalled as becoming insane after the death of a child and being
confined to the state asylum for the remainder of her life.  There were
two ch with Charles in 1910: Kathleen A. (6 Jan 1903 CA) and Madaleen
(1905 CA).  Tulare Co records show another child named Madaleen was born
dead 24 Nov 1904.

11. Richmond Nollis "Nolly" (12 June 1859 Jasper Co, MS - 29 June 1900
Visalia, CA) was with Perry and Sarah Jane LEBLANC in 1870 and with
Samuel H. and Mary E. CHILDS in 1880.  In 1884, he was a registered
voter in Tulare Co.  By 1890, he and others were working a placer gold
claim at the Endurance Mine in Kern Co.  Later, he was a farmer.  On 19
Oct 1885 in San Joaquin Co, CA, he md Helen CASTLE (15 Nov 1861 CA -
died after 1915 Stockton, CA) (BK 5:74).  In Feb 1898, R. N. HOUGH
joined others from Visalia in going to the Klondike to prospect for
gold.  When he returned to CA, he went to Kern Co to work in the oil
fields.  There he came down with malaria and typhoid fever.  He returned
home to die at age 41.  Nolly and Helen had two ch: Lawrence R. (8 Oct
1886 CA) and A. May (26 Sep 1887 CA).  In 1915, Mrs. Helen (CASTLE)
HOUGH lived on Derby St in Berkeley.  In 1933, the son, L. R. HOUGH,
gave information for the death certificate for his aunt, Della BALEY.
At that time he lived at Big Creek, CA.

12.  Della (29 Oct 1861 MS - 28 Dec 1933 Fresno, CA) was with the
LEBLANC hh in 1870.  On 7 Sep 1882 in Tulare Co, she md Edward YALE, and
they moved to San Francisco.  When Perry LEBLANC died, his widow Sarah
Jane, apparently invited Della to live with her in Fresno.  By that time
Della had md (2) Charles BALEY, but they had divorced.  Family records
do not indicate Della had any ch.  Her 1933 obit shows nephews Oscar
SUTHERLAND of Porterville, Robert LEBLANC of Fresno; and Thomas LEBLANC
of Oakland.  Nephew L. R. HOUGH gave her death certificate information.

13. John (1866 LA -       ) was with Perry LEBLANC in 1870, but no
records have been identified for him after 1874.  He may have gone to
live with the SUTHERLANDS, or he may have died young.

    Hough lineage is Richmond N. and Caroline M. T. (Everitt) of MS, AL,
LA, and CA; Francis and Unity (   ) of GA, AL, and MS; Samuel and Sarah
(      ) of NC, GA, AL, and MS; poss. Samuel and Frances (       ) of
Anson Co, NC;

References for HoRN&CMT, 6 Apr 2002:

Research by descendant William Whitaker of 1021 So. Valley View Drive,
Condo 42, St George, UT 84770-4490.

1820 Wayne Co, MS, p 110, with Francis Hough 231101-41010

1830 Wayne Co, MS, p 224, poss. with Francis Hough 111100001-0221001
1835-38 Clarke Co, MS, tax records (Strickland and Edwards, Clarke
County, MS, Tax Rolls and Census, 1835-1866, 1990).
1835 Washington Co, AL, will of Enoch Everett (Will Bk B:39), also in AL
State Dept of Archives and History Will Book 1:60 (1827 - 1888).
1839 Jasper Co, MS, R. N. Hough on tax roll.

1840 Jasper Co, MS, p 179, R. N. Hough
1847-1854 Liberty Baptist Association Minutes show that the location of
the association to be at Hough's Store, with R. Hough a delegate in
1847, 1848, and 1851.  Fellowship Baptist Church was apparently the
local church.

1850 Jasper Co, MS, p 57, dw 355, Richmond N. Hough hh.
1860 Jasper Co, MS, dw 779, R. N. Hough hh.
1866/67, poss Abbeville, Vermillion Par. LA, where family members died.
1866 Clarke Co, MS, F. E. Hough on state census.
1868 San Joaquin Co, CA, R. N. Hough will of 7 Sep 1868.

1870 San Joaquin Co, CA, Liberty twp, p 20, dw 137, five Huff ch with P.
and Sarah Leblanc fam., along with Perry's two older daus, his and Sarah
Jane's two sons, and a probable brother Antoine LEBLANC (1848 LA).

1880 San Joaquin Co, CA, Liberty twp, p 9, Nolly Huff with Samuel H. and
Mary Childs hh.

1900 Fresno Co, CA, Fresno, 8-6-15-31, Perry and Sarah Jane Leblanc hh.
1900 Visalia City Directory, p 55, shows R. N. and C. G. Hough addresses.
1900 Tulare Co, CA, 47-13-70-62, Richmond N. Hough hh.
1900 Tulare Co, CA,              Charles G. Hough hh.

1910 Tulare Co, CA, 126-206-25, Charles G. Hough and his two daus.
1910 Alameda Co, CA, Berkeley City, 15-58-62, Helen Hough and dau A. May
(fam of Nolly Hough).

Tulare County Records (Vol I, Bk 1A:24, and Bk 6:1724).

Fresno Co, CA, obit for Perry Leblanc, 4 June 1904, Fresno Morning
Republican.

Visalia, CA, obit for R. N. Hough, Jr, 30 June 1900, Daily Morning Delta.

Fresno CA, obit for Della Baley, 29 Dec 1933.  Also Record of Funerals,
Fresno, CA, for Della Baley, 30 Dec 1933.  Also Fresno City Death
Certificates Female Bk 10:387.

Cyrus Henry Brown, Vol II:439, Brown Genealogy, for Nolly Hough fam.