<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Here is the exact text from IEEE 754-2019.<div><br></div><div><div class="gmail-page" title="Page 54" style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><div class="gmail-layoutArea"><div class="gmail-column"><p><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:700">7.5 Underflow </span><span style="font-size:2pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:700;color:rgb(255,255,255);vertical-align:2pt">7.5.0<br></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">The underflow exception shall be signaled when a tiny non-zero result is detected. For binary formats, this</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">shall be either:</span></p><ol style="list-style-type:none"><li><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">a) </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic">after rounding</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">—when a non-zero result computed as though the exponent range were unbounded would lie strictly between ± </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic">b </span><span style="font-size:6pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic;vertical-align:4pt">emin</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">, or</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">b) </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic">before rounding</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">—when a non-zero result computed as though both the exponent range and the precision were unbounded would lie strictly between ± </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic">b </span><span style="font-size:6pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic;vertical-align:4pt">emin</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">.</span></p></li></ol><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">The implementer shall choose how tininess is detected, but shall detect tininess in the same way for all operations in radix two, including conversion operations under a binary rounding attribute.</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">For decimal formats, tininess is detected before rounding—when a non-zero result computed as though both the exponent range and the precision were unbounded would lie strictly between ± </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic">b </span><span style="font-size:6pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic;vertical-align:4pt">emin</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">.</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">The default exception handling for underflow shall always deliver a rounded result. The method for detecting tininess does not affect the rounded result delivered, which might be zero, subnormal, or ± </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic">b </span><span style="font-size:6pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic;vertical-align:4pt">emin</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS;font-style:italic">.</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">In addition, under default exception handling for underflow, if the rounded result is inexact—that is, it differs from what would have been computed were both exponent range and precision unbounded—the underflow flag shall be raised and the inexact (see </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:rgb(0,0,255)">7.6</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">) exception shall be signaled. If the rounded result is exact, no flag is raised and no inexact exception is signaled. This is the only case in this standard of an exception signal receiving default handling that does not raise the corresponding flag. Such an underflow signal has no observable effect under default handling.</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT"><br></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">Best,</span></p><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">David.</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Oct 20, 2020 at 5:03 PM Damian McGuckin <<a href="mailto:damianm@esi.com.au">damianm@esi.com.au</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><br>
Hi Jim,<br>
<br>
On Tue, 20 Oct 2020, Jim Thomas wrote:<br>
<br>
> The definitions are in 7.12.1 in<br>
> <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2573.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2573.pdf</a><br>
> <br>
> I assume you?re asking about the C standard.<br>
<br>
Because if you look there, the word underflow is used long before it <br>
appears in any definition.<br>
<br>
On page 450,<br>
<br>
The "underflow" floating-point exception is raised whenever a<br>
result is tiny (essentially subnormal or zero) and suffers loss of<br>
accuracy.<br>
<br>
Given:<br>
<br>
0.25 * 2**emin<br>
<br>
does this overflow. Because it is exact. But is Page 450 the strict <br>
definition. Because, that answers Fred's question (and agrees with Fred).<br>
<br>
I actually meant in the latest IEEE 754 (or IEC).<br>
<br>
Sorry, if I seem rushed. I am off to two meetings and did not have time to <br>
look it up as thoroughly as I would have liked. But I wanted to get the <br>
email out before your part of the world went to bed.<br>
<br>
Regards - Damian<br>
<br>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">Best Regards,<div>David.</div><div><b><br></b></div><div><b>***Email Disclaimer</b>: This email is intended only for addressee(s), may be confidential or proprietary, and may constitute inside information that is protected from disclosure under law. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified not to read, disclose, distribute or otherwise use this email. If you are not the intended recipient, please inform the sender by reply email and destroy all copies of the original message. Thank you.</div><div><br></div></div></div>